The most important component of gastritis therapy is diet.Depending on some features of the disease, for example, acidity in the stomach, as well as the presence of erosive, atrophic and other forms, the diet may vary regarding what can and cannot be included in the menu.
If a person has an unbalanced diet, periodically drinks alcohol, smokes and is constantly under severe stress, he will inevitably develop a pathology such as gastritis.It is a disease that causes inflammation of the gastric mucosa, compromising its integrity.As a result, various unpleasant symptoms arise, the main of which is intense pain in the upper abdomen.In addition, bloating, belching, nausea and vomiting appear, appetite decreases or disappears altogether, often leading to weight loss.Gastritis of the stomach occurs in various forms, including diseases caused by infectious environments, but in any case, successful treatment requires a healthy diet.You should not only change your diet, deciding what you can and cannot eat, but also change the principles of nutrition, arranging it with a stable menu for the whole week, dividing the entire amount of food into 5-6 meals.During an exacerbation, the diet should be tightened;In addition, there are some nuances if gastritis is characterized by high or low acidity.
What is possible and what not for gastritis?
The main difference in diet will be determined by the acidity level.Which indicator is determined for a particular patient during diagnosis before therapy.
increased acidity
With increased acidity, which occurs most often, you need to follow three basic principles:
- mechanical.It defines a ban on fried foods;In addition, coarse fibers are not allowed, such as bran bread, rutabagas, turnips and meat strips.
- chemicals.It states that you should avoid foods that promote the secretion of hydrochloric acid needed for the digestion process, for example, soda, alcohol and citrus fruits.In addition, concentrated rich broths based on meat and fish are prohibited.
- thermal.This involves eating food that has an optimal temperature, which is usually between 16-55 degrees Celsius.If the food is hot or cold, with gastritis it causes irritation in the esophagus, which increases the duration of food absorption and, accordingly, increases the stress on the stomach.
If the environment in the stomach is acidic, then low-fat fish and meat, fermented milk products, eggs, which can be served in the form of omelettes or soft-boiled, are suitable for nutrition.In addition, the diet can include peeled tomatoes, boiled zucchini, potatoes, etc.
low acidity
The diet for gastritis with low acidity includes foods that promote greater release of enzymes that ensure digestion.To do this, it is also important to normalize the process of eating food.This should be done slowly;It is important to spend at least half a minute chewing a portion of food, and the eating process should last at least half an hour.Drinking slightly carbonated mineral water significantly improves the secretion of hydrochloric acid;You should drink 200 ml of this water every time before meals.Various fruits and vegetables are allowed, which should be eaten immediately after finishing the meal, as snacking is not allowed in the diet.Fruits and vegetables should be chosen light, based on the principle of absence of hard fibres.To make the digestion process more convenient, it is better to peel the fruits beforehand and eat only the pulp.
Low acidity has some advantages over high acidity.Small amounts of chocolate products, light soups and broths and river fish, mushrooms and lean meat, including rabbit and veal, are acceptable.Milk products are allowed, but it is better to avoid milk.
What is not allowed?
If you have gastritis with any acidity, you should not consume:
- to cook;
- chocolate products;
- fried, spicy foods;
- alcoholic beverages;
- Food rich in vegetable or animal fats;
- vinegar.
How to eat during exacerbation - menu for the week
In case of increased exacerbation, a compromise should be found and the body receives all the necessary nutrients and microelements, but the diet is neutral and does not irritate the mucous membrane, which is so inflamed.In this situation, digestion needs as much help as possible so that it can happen very quickly.To do this, you should try to cut out all food as much as possible, and use only boiling or steaming for cooking.
It is important to make the compiled menu not only balanced and gentle, but also to strictly adhere to it, eating meals every day at a strictly defined time.The interval between doses cannot exceed three hours, otherwise the stomach will be empty and the excitement will only intensify.It cannot be expressed, as it is fraught with gastric stasis.In the evening, you should not eat food three to four hours before sleeping.
Oddly enough, during the acute period, it is recommended to spend the first day on an empty stomach.However, the stomach still needs to be filled.To do this, you need to drink plenty of still water and lightly brewed tea.Whatever liquid you drink should be warm.From the second day, liquid porridge and mashed potatoes with water are allowed.In addition, unthickened soup with boiled eggs and grated vegetables will be useful.When gastritis worsens, foods rich in fat should be completely excluded from the diet, as their breakdown is very slow.
menu for the week
Mon and Wed:
- Breakfast of porridge and compote;
- Other times you can have breakfast with steamed cheesecakes;
- Lunch consists of mashed potatoes, vegetable soup with breadcrumbs, boiled fish, compote;
- Afternoon snack – biscuits with light tea;
- Dinner – a side dish of boiled lean meat cutlets, pasta with light tea.
Mars, Jupiter, Saturn:
- Breakfast includes baked apples, cheesecake and compote;
- Other times you should have breakfast with a glass of jelly;
- You need to have lunch with vegetable broth, boiled fish, mineral water from gases;
- Afternoon snack is allowed light tea without sugar with white bread crackers;
- For dinner, cheese casserole and compote.
Fri, Sunday:
- You should have breakfast with eggs, boiled for 5-6 minutes, washed with compote;
- Eat cheesecake with tea during second breakfast;
- Lunch: vegetable stew, grated potato soup, jelly;
- Afternoon snack – a glass of kefir with crackers;
- For dinner, one should eat boiled fish with porridge in water.
Diet number 1 for gastritis
Diet number 1 is considered very strict.However, its use is a necessary measure, because in case of gastritis or if a person has an ulcer, restoration of normal digestion and non-irritation of the gastric mucosa is very important.This diet is prescribed after the acute stage of the disease ends.Among the cooking methods, only boiling, steaming and baking can be used.It is extremely important to reduce the amount of salt consumed, since its presence negatively affects the condition of the inner surface of the stomach;Additionally, salt slows down the elimination of water from the body.
Diet No. 1 involves dividing the entire daily diet into five to six small portions.The total amount of calories consumed cannot exceed 2000.
Among the main dishes that should be included in diet number 1 are:
- Vegetable soup.The vegetable base can be replaced with vermicelli or rice;
- Lean meat and fish without veins and other difficult-to-digest elements;
- Bread products should also be consumed in leavened, dried, and cracker form.
In limited quantities, you can eat fermented milk products, for example, cottage cheese, yogurt, skimmed milk.
Cannot be consumed on diet number 1:
- Rye bread;
- Soups based on mushrooms and meat - you will have to give up okroshka, borscht, cabbage soup;
- smoked products;
- Pickles;
- Fish and other canned food.
Diet for carious form
Gastritis is called erosive when the action of the disease causes gastric erosions, called ulcers.Ulcers are a more serious disease that can lead to very serious consequences, for example, peritonitis, when erosion of the wall gradually leads to a hole, as a result of which the contents of the stomach enter the abdominal cavity.This condition is fraught with death without immediate surgical treatment.
Causes of erosion are exposure to substances or highly acidic gastric juice, along with the effects of Helicobacter pylori infection.Thus, with erosive gastritis, it is very important to eat properly to slow down and reverse the process of ulcer formation.
Here are the principles on which the diet should be based if the patient has erosive gastritis:
- The foods eaten should cause minimal irritation to the gastric wall and prevent an increase in acidity;
- You should constantly eat liquid, warm, mashed food.Also, it is necessary to reduce the amount of fat and salt in the diet;
- Refusal from bad habits, spices, soda;
- Vegetables should be cooked using heat treatment;
- The diet should emphasize soups and cereals.
Diet and menu if the patient has atrophic gastritis
The atrophic form is relatively difficult to diagnose, since there are no symptoms at the initial stage of pathology.Some symptoms of the disease can be seen the presence of belching after fried and fatty foods, which smell very unpleasant.In addition, inevitable companions of atrophic gastritis are general weakness, brittle legs and problems with hair and skin.
Atrophic gastritis imposes severe restrictions on the list of what is possible and what is not.You should avoid these in your diet:
- Black bakery products, baked goods;
- smoked dishes;
- Mushrooms in any form;
- Peas, beans;
- canned food;
- Raw fruits and vegetables;
- including soda, mineral water;
- Milk.
Like other diets for gastritis, during the atrophic phase, cooking methods such as frying and smoking are completely prohibited.To bring food to a state of readiness for consumption, you can boil, steam or bake.
With atrophic gastritis, it is important to eat:
- Soup based on grated vegetables;
- Various porridges on water;
- Boiled lean meat, chopped very finely;
- skimmed milk derivative;
- Boiled eggs;
- Unleavened white bread, crackers;
- Fruits and vegetables that have been heat treated;
- butter;
- For dessert, you can enjoy marmalades, jellies and mousses.